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UPPER()
Convert lowercase characters to uppercase
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Syntax
UPPER(<cString>) --> cUpperString
Arguments
<cString> is the character string to be converted.
Returns
UPPER() returns a copy of <cString> with all alphabetical characters
converted to uppercase. All other characters remain the same as in the
original string.
Description
UPPER() is a character function that converts lowercase and mixed case
strings to uppercase. It is related to LOWER() which converts uppercase
and mixed case strings to lowercase. UPPER() is related to the
ISUPPER() and ISLOWER() functions which determine whether a string
begins with an uppercase or lowercase letter.
UPPER() is generally used to format character strings for display
purposes. It can, however, be used to normalize strings for case-
independent comparison or INDEXing purposes.
Examples
. These examples illustrate the effects of UPPER():
? UPPER("a string") // Result: A STRING
? UPPER("123 char = <>") // Result: 123 CHAR = <>
. This example uses UPPER() as part of a case-independent
condition:
USE Customer INDEX CustName NEW
LIST CustName FOR "KATE" $ UPPER(Customer)
. UPPER() is also useful for creating case-independent index key
expressions:
USE Customer NEW
INDEX ON UPPER(Last) TO CustLast
. Later, use the same expression to look up Customers:
MEMVAR->Last = SPACE(15)
@ 10, 10 GET MEMVAR->Last
READ
SEEK UPPER(MEMVAR->Last)
Files Library is CLIPPER.LIB.
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