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BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES Enable warnings for duplicate modules within libraries
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Purpose : Enable warnings for duplicate modules within libraries
Syntax : BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES
Default : Disabled
This command causes Blinker to generate the 1004 link time warning message
for all duplicate symbols encountered at link time. This command can be a
very useful debugging tool for identifying duplicate modules among the files
and libraries used in linking a program. The first module listed in the
Blinker message 1004 is the module which is actually linked. The second
module in the 1004 message is the duplicate and is ignored unless overridden
with the MODULE FROM command.
The following modules (and included symbols) are processed at link time and
listed in the first half of the VERBOSE output. Each of these symbols will
be listed in the generated 1004 messages if another processed symbol has the
same name.
. All modules specified in a FILE command.
. Those modules extracted from a library to resolve external references.
. All modules within a SEARCHed library.
Note that there may be numerous duplicated modules or symbols in the
included libraries which are not reported when BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES is
used, since one or both of the modules are not processed.
For optimal use of this command, it will help to understand the section "The
Linking Process" in Chapter 3, which is a discussion of the method by which
Blinker processes the files and libraries included in a single link. This
method determines which modules are processed, and hence which modules are
identified as duplicates in the output generated by the BLINKER MESSAGE
DUPLICATES command.
To obtain a list of all duplicated modules relevant to your program by using
this command in conjunction with the VERBOSE command:
(1) List all possible duplicates:
The first half of the VERBOSE output will identify all modules processed
during linking. The duplicates among these modules will be reported by the
BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES command. Since you can force all modules within a
library to be processed by SEARCHing that library, SEARCHing all included
libraries will cause all modules within the program to be processed, and
hence cause all duplicates to be listed. Linking with all these SEARCHes is
only intended to produce the desired duplicate messages, not a viable .EXE.
(2) Identify only those modules used in the program:
The second half of the VERBOSE output will identify only those modules
actually included in the final executable file. The symbols highlighted as
duplicates whose modules appear in the second half of the VERBOSE listing
are the ones to examine. Generally all duplicates between third party
libraries or files which are provided by the same vendor are intended and
can be ignored; also those duplicates between a third party product and a
compiler library can be assumed to be intended.
See Also:
VERBOSE
MODULE
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